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Oil
and gas are crucial to the Indonesian economic growth,
of which the resources lie onshore and offshore that spread
widely throughout the archipelago. The industry was established
a long time ago, and the exploration has, until recently,
been heavily concentrated in the Western part of the country. |
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The
oil and gas resources potentials are accumulated in 60
sedimentary basins, which are located all over Indonesia.
Out of the 60 sedimentary basins, only 38 basins have
been explored. The producing basins are 15, of which 11
basins are located in Western Indonesia Region, and the
other 4 are located in Eastern Indonesia Region.
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Eight
basins have had hydrocarbon discovery but are not yet
producing, and the remaining 15 basins have been drilled
but have not resulted in any discovery. These 15 basins
are located in complex geological conditions or in Eastern
Indonesia Region, while the rest of the basins are considered
to be frontier basins and have not been explored.
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Physiographically,
the Indonesia archipelago can be divided into Western
and Easter regions which are separated by 200 m isobath
starting from offshore Kalimantan in the Makassar strait
to offshore Bali in the Lombok strait. Western Indonesia
covers the island of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan with smaller
islands in between. This region is often referred as the
main part of Sunda Shelf. Prolific Tertiary hydrocarbon
basins in this area are principally confined to the perimeter
of the continental margins in the Sunda Shelf. Eastern
Indonesia covers the principal islands of Sulawesi, Maluku
and Irian Jaya, and Arafura, Banda and Timor Seas, which
lie on the Sahul Shelf, stretching northwards to the Australia
continent. At present oil and gas discoveries in Eastern
Indonesia are from both Tertiary and Pre-Tertiary reservoir
rocks.
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Sedimentary
basins in Western Indonesia are mostly located in onshore
or in shallow water and are relatively large. On the other
hand, sedimentary basins in Eastern Indonesia are mainly
located in deep water and are relatively smaller than
in the Western Indonesia. Roughly 30% of the offshore
basins in Western Indonesia and 80% in Eastern Indonesia
are classified as deep-sea basins. Many of the prolific
Tertiary basins in Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan can be
classified as mature stages in the exploration whereas
production of their fields is declining. On the contrary,
most of sedimentary basins in Eastern Indonesia are poorly
explored. These under explored basins are located in remote
areas, in deep waters or other geologically complex regions.
Eastern Indonesia, at present, can be considered as frontier
area.
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